Although, most common with fairer skin, these brown and flat spots appear on the skin after exposure to the sun. While usually harmless, they are often unwelcome.
Topical creams that contain hydroxy acid, glycolic acid, deoxyarbutin, and hydroquinone have been found to be most effective in lightening sun spots. To remove them entirely, professional treatments like Intense Pulse Light (IPL), chemical peels, microneedling, and laser resurfacing work best.
The best way to prevent further sun damage is to limit exposure to the sun and other UV rays and apply a daily SPF of at least 30.